There are a few possibilities but we've only seen it's affect on humans. The way it works is at least how I understand it cause I was curious about kryptonite at one point. It completely destroys a Kryptonians abilities to metabolize yellow sun radiation, taking away there powers forever. They will live like an ordinary human would however when this Kryptonian has children after Gold K exposure there children will still have powers. The only possible 2 ways I can think of for a Kryptonian to get there powers back post Gold K exposur is, in the comic All-Star Superman, Superman created a serum dubbed"Super Serum" that would give an normal person powers exactly like his for 24 hours without his weakness to a red sun or kryptonite. The other way is a more new one in the Phantom Zone Superman found a new kryptonite that didn't harm him but do to some study he found that this kryptonite had the effect to permanently give any non super powered human/Humanoid the full range of Kryptonian powers its called Platinum Kryptonite.