Gordon (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) lost his eyes as a result of undergoing Terrigenesis to activate his powers.
Vanessa Brewer (Angel) blinded herself as part of her training with the Order of the Nanjin, which granted her the power to sense energy sources and motion in a manner far more accurate than ordinary sight.
Despite being blind, Toph Beifong (Avatar: The Last Airbender) is capable of "seeing" by sensing vibrations.
After losing his left forearm during the Eclipse, Guts (Berserk) replaced it with a metallic device known as the Cannon Arm.
Wonderweiss Margela (Bleach) has sacrificed all his intelligence and mental capacity in exchange for being able to seal the immense fire based powers of Ryūjin Jakka.
Due to his injured leg, Shuu Sakurada (Castle Town Dandelion) compensates via his ability to teleport, allowing him to continue living a normal life.
After losing his sense of touch, Peyton Westlake's (Darkman) body overproduces adrenaline, granting him superhuman strength and immunity to pain.
Having been deliberately raised to interpret body language as a first language, Cassandra Cain (DC Comics) is illiterate and barely able to speak, but as a trade-off, she can intuitively read body language and predict her opponents' attacks.
Majora (Dragon Ball Super) compensates for his blindness through a highly sensitive sense of smell.
Due to his lack of a "Delta brainwave," Philip J. Fry (Futurama) is mentally handicapped, but also immune to psychic powers like Telepathy and Intelligence Reduction.
Due to his blindness and the fact that magic has to be seen and heard for spells to affect people, Jeffrey Robbins (Gargoyles) is immune to magic.
After having his left hand petrified in the shape of a clenched fist, Owen Burnett (Gargoyles) uses it to his advantage to deliver powerful punches.
Ash Williams (The Evil Dead series)
Suzu Mukai (Horizon In The Middle of Nowhere) is able to use all her other senses in a 360 degree area around her to compensate for her lack of sight.
After being rendered blind by the growth of fungal plates over their eyes, Clickers (The Last of Us) developed echolocation capabilities to compensate.
As he evolved over the centuries, Turel (Legacy of Kain) developed enhanced hearing at the cost of his sight.
After being blinded by radioactive waste, Matt Murdock/Daredevil (Marvel Comics) developed superhuman senses and a
radar sense to compensate.
After being blinded by acidic spit, Peter Parker/Spider-Man (Marvel Comics) uses his
spider-sense to detect and fight the Vulture.
Neo's (The Matrix) eyes were damaged during a fight with Smith, but...
...he developed a new perception of sight.
After being blinded by Shang Tsung, Kenshi Takahashi (Mortal Kombat) developed telekinetic powers and enhanced senses.
Fujitora (One Piece) has extraordinary mastery of Kenbunshoku/Observation Haki, which can easily compensate for his blindness.
Lickers (Resident Evil) have lost their eyes as a consequence of their mutation, but have superhuman hearing to compensate.
After being blinded by Shishio, Usui Uonuma (Rurouni Kenshin) learned how to compensate using his hearing and spiritual senses.
Clark Kent's (Smallville) super-hearing initially manifested to compensate after he was temporarily blinded.
Having lost their eyes, the Miraluka (Star Wars) have learned to "see" through the Force.
After his mutilation on Mustafar, Darth Vader (Star Wars) became heavily dependent on the Dark Side of the Force to marginalize his wounds, allowing him to be self-sufficient again.
Dezel (Tales of Zestiria) compensated for his blindness by learning to
read the wind.
Though blind, the Rat King (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2012) compensates by being able to control rats and
see through their eyes.